Adrenal

and renal synchronous metastases, 50
metastases, 50

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

age and prostatic volume, 144
acini in, 348
alpha-blocker in, 55
bladder compliance, 575
catheter removal after TUR, 144
changes in acini and epithelium, 348
cistometry, 575
complications after TUR, 144
complications after HE-TUMT, 589
comparative stromal analysis in, 26, 348
detrusor contractility, 575
epithelium, 26, 348
epithelial alterations, 348
extracellular matrix, 26, 348
flowmetry, 353, 575
flow pressure study, 575
high-energy thermotherapy, 589
histology, 26, 348
investigation, 26, 348
quality of life, 353, 575
quantitative analysis, 26, 348
pharmacotherapy, 26, 55, 348
medical therapy, 55
microwave thermotherapy, HE-TUMT, 575
micturition symptoms, 353, 575
minimally invasive therapy, 589
morphometry, 348
normal prostate vs. BPH, 26, 348
obstruction nomogram, 575
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN),
prostatic specific antigen (PSA), 32, 42, 144
results of microwave thermotherapy, 589
sonography, 55
sonographic and urodynamic evaluation, 55
stereological analysis in, 26, 348
stromal modifications, 26, 348
surgery, 144, 215
symptom score, 353, 575
thermal injuries in, 589
transurethral prostatectomy, 144, 215
transition zone changes in, 26, 348
treatment, 55, 144
TUR postoperative period, 144
urinary flow rate, 353, 575
urodynamic evaluation, 55, 353, 575
urodynamics, 353, 575
videourodynamic, 575

Bladder

adenocarcinoma, 560
benign tumor, 373
bladder neoplasm, 373, 560
compliance, 575
infection, 262
infravesical obstruction, 575
interstitial cystitis, 60
leiomyoma, 373
management of trauma,
pain, 60, 560
physiology, 575
umbilicus, 262, 560
urachal adenocarcinoma, 560
urachal cyst, 262
urachus, 262, 560

Endourology

caliceal diverticulum, 440
development, 209
diverticulum and lithiasis, 440
dorsal decubitus for renal access, 250
endoscopy, 209, 215
endopyelotomy in transplanted kidney, 554
flexible ureterorenoscopy, 440
Holmium laser, 440
imaging in, 316, 440
intrarenal access, 250
laparoscopy, 209, 527
laser in caliceal diverticulum, 440
lithotripsy, 495
percutaneous surgery, 250
percutaneous surgery in transplanted, 554
retrograde approach, 440
robotics and, 209
serum cytokine levels and SWL, 495
shock wave lithotripsy - SWL, 495
supine position for intrarenal access, 250
urinary cytokine levels and SWL, 495

Erectile dysfunction

chlorpromazine, 155
efficacy and safety of sildenafil, 148
high flow priapism and, 472
intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 155
nitric oxide, 155
nitroprusside, 155
organic impotence, 148
papaverine, 155
pharmacotherapy, 155
prostaglandin E1, 155
psychogenic impotence, 148
sildenafil, 148
sildenafil vs. placebo, 148
treatment, 148

Hemodialysis

arteriovenous fistula, 136
femoral artery, 136
femoral-saphenous fistula, 136
prostate cancer and, 133
prostate-specific antigen and, 133
prostatic acid phosphatase and, 133
prostatic markers and, 133
native fistula, 136
saphenous vein, 136

History of medicine

bladder calculus, 72
Brazilian republic, 72
lithotomy, 72
minimally invasive surgery, 209
Prudente de Morais, President of Brazil, 72

Hypospadias

double onlay flap, 376
reconstruction, 376
surgical techniques, 376

Imaging

calculi, 316
computed tomography, 316
intravenous pyelography, 316
kidney, 316
lasix renogram, 316
lithiasis, 316
magnetic resonance urogram, 316
obstruction, 316
ultrasound, 316
ureter, 316
urinary tract, 316

Impotence: see Erectile dysfunction

Incontinence

anatomy, 165
and cystocele, 386
and cystourethrocelecele, 386
artificial sphincter, 165
autologous fascia, experimental, 171
autologous tissue, 386
behavioral approach, 281
categories in female, 165
classification in female, 165
collagen implant, 171
complications of surgery, 535
data collection, 281
diagnosis, 165
effectiveness of pubovaginal sling, 535
epidemiology of, 281
evaluation of, 165
experimental study, 171
fascial sling, experimental, 171
female incontinence, 165, 275, 281, 386, 483
histology of implants for, 171
medications and, 165
neurogenic bladder, 165
population knowledge and attitudes, 281
porcine intestinal submucosa for sling, 483
prostheses and implants, 171, 275, 386, 483
pubovaginal sling, 171, 275, 535
rectus fascial sling for, 171, 275
sling, 171, 275, 386, 483, 535
stress incontinence, 165, 275, 386, 483, 535
surgical treatment of SUI, 275, 386, 483, 535
tension free sling for, 275
urethra, 165, 386
urinary sphincter, 165
urodynamics, 165
vaginal wall flap, 386
Valsalva leak point pressure, 165

Infertility

azoospermia, 105, 162
chromosomal disorders, 105
genetic evaluation, 105
germ cells, 162, 255
hemizona assay, 255
indications for varicocelectomy in, 19
intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI, 105, 162
in vitro fertilization and sperm retrieval, 162
Mendellian disorders and, 105
microdelections and, 105
microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration - MESA, 162
mini-MESA technique, 162
preimplantation genetic diagnosis, 105
sperm extraction, 162, 105
sperm injections, 255
sperm morphology, 255
spermatozoa, 162, 255,
spermatozoa and spermatids retrieval, 162
surgery for, 19, 162
varicocele, 19
zona pellucida and sperm binding, 255

Kidney

arginine, 178
double inferior vena cava, 367
effects of nutrition in tumors, 178
endopyelotomy in transplanted, 554
free radical, 78
imaging, 316
L-Arginine and L-Name in renal ischemia, 78
minimally invasive surgery, 209
nitric oxide, 78
nutrition and tumor, 178
rats, 78, 178, 289
renal cyst, 557
renal ischemia-reperfusion, 78
sodium hyaluronate in trauma, 289
transplantation, 554
trauma, 289
vena cava anomaly, 367
Walker tumor, 178
wounds and injury, 289

Kidney calculi

basic evaluation of, 10
complications of, 159
diverticulum and, 557
duodenal fistula and, 159
epidemiology, 10, 423
fistula and, 159
hypercalciuria, 10, 423
imaging, 316
lithotripsy, 3
lower pole, 3
magnetic resonance urogram, 316
medical management of, 10
metabolic disease, 10, 423
metabolic evaluation, 10, 423
milk of calcium, 557
obstruction imaging, 316
open surgery, 159
partial nephrectomy and, 557
percutaneous surgery, 3
pyeloduodenal fistula and, 159
prevention, 10
renal cyst and, 557
renal pelvis epidermoid carcinoma and, 159
residual stones, 3
risk factors, 10, 423
sandwich therapy for, 3
staghorn calculi, 159
upper pole nephrectomy, 557
ultrasound, 316
ureteroscopy, 3, 120, 128

Kidney cancer: see Renal cell carcinoma

Kidney transplantation: see Renal transplantation

Lithiasis

basic evaluation, 10
biochemical analysis in, 10, 423
calcium and, 10, 423, 432, 557
calcium stone formers, 10, 423
cystine, 10
environmental factors, 432
epidemiology, 10, 423, 432
gender and, 423
gouty diathesis, 10
hypercalciuria, 10, 423, 432
hypocitraturia, 10, 423, 432

hyperoxaluria, 10, 423, 432
hyperuricosuria, 10, 423, 432
imaging, 316
incidence, 423
infectious stones, 10
intracorporeal lithotripsy, 120, 128
intrarenal access in dorsal decubitus, 250
lithogenis, 423
lithotripsy, 495
milk of calcium, 557
medical management, 10
metabolic disease, 10, 423, 432
metabolic evaluation, 10, 423, 432
metabolism and, 423, 432
minimally invasive treatment, 128
nephrolithotomy in dorsal decubitus, 250
non-calcareous stones, 10
nutritional factors, 432
osteopenia in, 432
obstruction imaging, 316
pathophysiology, 10
percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, 250
percutaneous procedures, 250
related to gender, 423
renal cyst and, 557
risk factors, 423, 432
shock wave lithotripsy, 120, 128, 495
stuvite stones, 10
surgery, 120, 250
ureteral, 120, 128
urethral diverticulum and, 264
uric acid stone, 10
urinary obstruction,

Pelvis

interstitial cystitis, 60
pain, 60

Penis

albuginea rupture, 46
anemia and priapism, 475
carcinoma, 461, 566
congenital anomalies, 376
corpus cavernosum, 46
diagnosis of Peyronie’s disease, 326
diskal hernia and priapism, 267
epidermoid carcinoma, 461
evaluation of Peyronie’s disease, 326
finasteride for treatment of priapism, 475
fracture, 46
fracture, long-term outcome, 46
hemoglobinopathy S and C, and priapism, 475
high flow priapism, 472
human papillomavirus - HPV, 461, 566
hypospadias, 376
impotence, 326
intercourse and injury, 46
laser in carcinoma, 566
lymphadenectomy and carcinoma, 461
pain, 60, 326
penile carcinoma, 461, 566
penile induration, 326
penile neoplasms, 461, 566
penile preservation, 566
penile reimplantation,
Peyronie’s disease, 326
post-traumatic priapism, 472
priapism, 267, 472, 475
prognosis in carcinoma and HPV, 461
reconstruction, 326
sickle cell anemia and priapism, 475
spine compression and priapism, 267
superselective embolization for priapism, 472
surgery for Peyronie’s disease, 326
survival in carcinoma and HPV, 461
trauma, 46
treatment of Peyronie’s disease, 326
treatment of priapism, 472, 475
tumors, 461, 566
urethral injury, 46
verrucous carcinoma, 566

Prostate

hemodialysis and prostatic markers, 133
infection, 42
pelvic pain, 60
prostate-specific antigen and prostatitis, 42
prostate-specific antigen assays, 542
prostatic markers, 133, 542
prostatitis, 42
prostatodynia, 64
transurethral prostatectomy, 144, 215

Prostate cancer

acid phosphatase, 133
and hemodialysis, 133
and non-symptomatic men, 227
and renal neoplasm, 370
biochemical recurrence, 447
bladder neck preservation, 447
diagnosis, 32, 37, 133, 222, 227, 235, 454, 542
free to total PSA ratio, 32, 454
Gleason score, 139, 227, 235, 341
grade and telomerase, 341
high risk for metastases, 139
histology and telomerase, 341
hypoechoic lesion, 222
laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, 139
laparoscopy, 139
localized and telomerase, 341
lymph nodes metastasis, 139
lymphadenectomy, 139
metastatic, 52, 139
needle biopsy, 37, 454
neuroendocrine differentiation, 52
positive surgical margins, 447
prognosis, 341
prognostic parameters, 341
prostatic acid phosphatase, 133
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 341
prostatic-specific antigen (PSA), 32, 37, 133, 139, 227, 235, 341, 447,
454
PSA assays comparative study, 542
radical prostatectomy, 447
repeated biopsy, 37
screening for, 32, 133, 227, 235, 454, 542
staging, 139
staging lymphadenectomy, 139
subcutaneous metastasis, 52
synchronous neoplasm, 370
telomerase, 341
testicular metastasis, 52
transrectal ultrasound, 37, 222, 235
tumor volume and telomerase, 341
ultrasound guided biopsy, 37, 139, 222, 235, 454
urinary continence and surgery, 447

Radical prostatectomy

and alternative incision, 571
biochemical recurrence and, 447
bladder neck preservation, 447
complications,
continence, 447
extraperitonial endoscopic, 563
laparoscopic surgery, 563
retropubic endoscopic, 563
retropubic, 571
transverse incision in, 571
surgical technique, 447, 571

Renal cell carcinoma

and adrenal metastasis, 50
and prostatic cancer, 370
arginine and tumors, experimental, 178
bilateral tumors, 244
conservative surgery, 244
double inferior vena cava and, 367
imaging, 316
minimally invasive surgery, 209
nephron-sparing surgery, 244
nephron-sparing surgery and local recurrence, 244
nutrition and tumor, experimental, 178
partial nephrectomy indications in, 244
rats, 178
small tumors, 244
survival after conservative surgery, 244
synchronous metastasis, 50
synchronous tumors, 244, 370
vena cava anomaly and, 367
Walker tumor, 178

Renal transplantation

endopyelotomy in, 554
ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 554

Retroperitonium

cathecolamine and tumor, 469
endocrine activity and tumor, 469
ganglioneuroma, 469
lymphadenectomy, 527
tumor, 469

Testis

androgen receptor, 500
anomalies, 270, 380
chemotherapy for tumors, 527
cryptorchidism, 270, 380
diagnosis of cryptorchidism, 380
effects of malnutrition, 500
energy restricted diet and, 500
exploration after chemotherapy for tumors, 527
evaluation of impalpable, 380
hormonal treatment of cryptorchidism, 270
impalpable, 380
laparoscopic treatment of impalpable, 380
laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, 527
laparoscopy in cryptorchidism, 380
lymphadenectomy for tumors, 527
malnutrition, 500
migration after hormonal treatment, 270
neoplasms, 527
pain, 60
protein restriction diet and, 500
rats, 500
retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 527
spermatic cord, 569
spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma, 569
stage IIb carcinoma, 527
treatment of impalpable, 380
tumors, 527
Western blotting, 500

Ureter

abnormalities, 478
antegrade ureteroscopy, 120
ESWL, 120, 128
imaging, 316
laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, 120
lithiasis, 120, 128
lithotripsy, 120, 128
obstruction imaging, 316
open ureterolithotomy, 120
ureteral calculi, 120, 128
ureteroscopy, 120, 128
refluxing, 478
retrograde ureteroscopy, 120, 128
tumor imaging, 316
ureteral stump after nephrectomy, 478
vesico-ureteral reflux, 478

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

endopyelotomy, 554
hydronephrosis, 316
imaging, 316
in transplanted kidney, 554
lasix renogram, 316
orchipexy, 380
percutaneous surgery, 554
staged orchipexy, 380
surgical treatment, 554
treatment in transplanted kidney, 554
ultrasonography, 316
Whitaker test, 316

Urethra

Acucise catheter in stricture, 358
balloon catheter, 358
changes of extracellular matrix in stricture, 394
collagen and stricture, 394
diverticulum and calculus, 264
extracellular matrix, 394
giant stone in diverticulum, 264
glycosaminoglycans, 394
pain, 60
proteoglycans, 394
stenosis, 358, 394
surgery, 358
urethral diverticulum, 264
urethral stricture, 358, 394
urethral syndrome, 60
urethrotomy, 358

Voiding dysfunction: see also incontinence

detrusor overactivity, 489, 575
evaluation, 549, 575
flowmetry, 549, 575
incontinence and, 489
instability, 489, 575
medical history and, 489
morbidity of urodynamic evaluation, 549
neurogenic bladder, 489, 575
prostatic obstruction, nomogram, 575
residual, 575
stress urinary incontinence and, 489
tolerability to urodynamic, 549
unstable bladder, 489, 575
urinary sphincter and, 575
urination disorders, 489, 575
urodynamics, 489, 549, 575