Adrenal

CT of primary hyperaldosteronism, 466
hemorrhage shock, 428
pheochromocytoma, 428
rupture of pheochromocytoma, 428

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

alpha-blocker vs. transurethral microwave, 252
asymptomatic leiomyoma, 245
benign neoplasm, 245
complications vs. transurethral microwave, 252
diagnosis on needle biopsy, 74
digital rectal examination, 423
drug therapy, 234
efficacy of transurethral microwave, 252
follow-up of BPH biopsy, 476
histology of transurethral microwave, 252
immune mechanisms in BCG therapy, 372
intramural leiomyoma, 245
mechanism of transurethral microwave, 252
medical therapy, 234
postoperative of transurethral microwave, 252
PSA and digital rectal examination, 423
risk population, 236
sham vs. transurethral microwave, 257
surgery, 234, 418
symptom score, 418
transurethral microwave, 251
treatment, 252
treatment costs, 234
urodynamic evaluation in surgery, 418

Bladder

anterior vaginal wall prolapse, 48
augmentation in neurogenic disease, 55
bladder instability in rabbits, 62
bladder neoplasms, 84, 336
bladder preservation in muscle-invasive carcinoma, 376
botulin toxin A effect in rat, 176
continence after orthotropic neobladder, 502
cystectomy or radiotherapy in bladder cancer, 182
cystocele, 48
dimethyl sulfoxide and bladder wall, 276
experimental model of bladder instability, 62
gastrocystoplasty in areflexic bladder, 374
grade IV cystocele, 48
hemangioma, 149
incontinent ileovesicostomy for neurogenic bladder, 185
interstitial cystitis diagnosis, 477
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, 149
lastissimus dorsi transfer for bladder acontractility, 179
Mitrofanoff conduit, 53
morbidity of cystectomy, 336, 502
neurogenic, 53
orthotopic ileocecal and ileal neobladder, 180
orthotopic neobladder, 336, 502
orthotopic neobladder and previous prostatic surgery, 502
postoperative complications of cystectomy, 336, 502
prolapse, 48
prostate apex preservation and continence in urinary diversion 503
prostheses and implants, 48
radical cystectomy and continence, 502
radical cystectomy and potency, 336
reperfusion injury in rats, 471
robot assisted cystectomy, 474
second TUR in bladder tumors, 181
urinary diversion, 83, 336, 502
vesical hemangioma, 149
voiding dysfunction, 53

Children

age and toilet training, 283
antibiotics and surgery for vesicoureteric reflux, 381
bacteriuria in children, 450
bladder control in mentally handicapped, 455
catheterizable stomas, 59
cloacal exstrophy, 186
cryptorchidism, 345
diagnosis of nonpalpable testis, 345
DMSA in renal scanning, 535
enuresis, 53
hydronephrosis, 528
imaging in febrile UTI, 90
kidney transplantation, 481
neonatal reflux, 188
neural tube defects, 53
neurogenic bladder and bowel, 53
nurse care for urinary infection, 480
renal scarring, 535
therapeutics of cryptorchidism, 345
ureterocele, 248
urinary incontinence, 455
urinary tract infection in children, 450
urination disorders, 53
vesicoureteric reflux, 535
vesicoureteric reflux treatment and parental preference, 382
voiding dysfunction in children, 450
Wilms’ tumor in adults, 40

Endourology and Laparoscopy

avulsion of the ureter in ureteroscopy, 18
blood loss in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 489
catheterization period in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
complications in liver donor nephrectomy, 14
complications of ureteroscopy, 14
conservative treatment in upper tract tumors, 71
costs of flexible ureteroscopes, 463
CT guided access for PCNL, 361
education in percutaneous surgery, 151
electrohydraulic vs. electromagnetic ESWL, 364
evolution of recipients in liver donor nephrectomy, 14
hand-assisted laparoscopy, 169
indications of extraperitoneal videoendoscopy, 441
intrapelvic pressure during ureteropyeloscopy, 266
laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 520
laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, 11
laparoscopic nephrectomy, 363
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 489
laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis, 268
laparoscopic versus open radical prostatectomy, 170
laparoscopy in nonpalpable testis, 345
laparoscopy in ovarian vein syndrome, 45
learning and training percutaneous surgery, 151
lithotripsy, 195
model for percutaneous surgery training, 151
nephrectomy in living donor, 11
nerve sparing in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
pain after PCNL and tube size, 460
percutaneous surgery, 151, 195
pig kidney for training, 151
port site metastasis, 279
port site recurrence in metastatic melanoma, 520
renal pelvic stones – SWL or PCNL, 195
results of laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
results of liver donor nephrectomy, 13
shock wave lithotripsy, 195
shock wave lithotripsy in children, 539
solitary kidney and renal insufficiency, 201
stone fragility in SWL, 362
technical aspects of extraperitoneal videoendoscopy, 441
training in percutaneous surgery, 151
ureteral stenting after ureteroscopic lithotripsy, 265
ureteroscopy, 18
vesicourethral anastomosis in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
videoendoscopy by extraperitoneal access, 441

Erectile dysfunction and Ejaculation

adverse events of sildenafil
cavernous arteries, 320
cystectomy and erection preservation, 336
oral treatment of erectile dysfunction, 320
peak systolic flow in cavernous arteries, 320
post-radical prostatectomy model of erectile dysfunction, 80
sildenafil effect in cavernous arteries, 320

Genitalia

piercing, 184
prenatal androgens on rat’s vaginal sinus, 472
vaginal prolapse, 243
vaginal prolapse and hydronephrosis, 243
vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls, 282

Imaging

classification of angiomyolipomas, 208
CT and excretory urography in microhematuria, 76
CT angiography for evaluating living kidney donors, 365
CT in angiomyolipomas, 208
CT in bladder leiomyoma, 246
CT in leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein, 43
CT in ovarian vein syndrome, 46
CT in prostatic abscess, 31
CT in renal artery embolism, 148
CT in ureteral calculi, 464
CT in vesicourethral anastomosis rupture, 224
CT in vesical hemangioma, 150
diagnosis of angiomyolipomas, 208
DMSA for renal scanning in children, 535
DTPA in acute renal graft complications, 507
for indication of prostate biopsy, 77
hemorrhage in angiomyolipomas, 208
high resolution CT in renal cell carcinoma, 272
IVU and renal scar in children, 535
MRI in diagnosis of ureterocele, 248
MRI in penile fracture, 35
prostatic abscess, 31
retrograde urethrogram in vesicourethral rupture, 224
transrectal ultrasound of the prostate, 31
ultrasound guided drainage of prostatic abscess, 31
vesicourethral anastomosis rupture, 224

Impotence: see Erectile dysfunction

Incontinence

and cystocele, 48
cystectomy and continence, 336
female incontinence, 353, 540
intrinsic sphincteric insufficiency, 540
male incontinence, 524
mixed incontinence and pubovaginal sling, 378, 540
neurogenic bladder, 53
prolapse, 48
prostheses and implants, 353, 540
pubovaginal sling, 353, 540
reconstructive surgical procedures, 353
sling, 524
stress incontinence, 353, 540
suprapubic sling adjustment, 85, 353
tension free vaginal tape for, 87
urethral hipermotility, 540
urodynamic before pubovaginal sling, 380
vaginal erosion of polypropylene slings, 280

Infertility

cryopreservation technique, 133
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 143
motility and vitality after thawing, 133
oligoasthenozoospermic men, 133
percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), 141
PESA and cryopreservations, 144
PESA in obstructive azoospermia, 141
testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), 144

Kidney

algorithm for treating renal trauma, 100
bilateral embolism of renal arteries, 147
bilateral hydronephrosis by vaginal prolapse, 243
calculi and xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis, 241
classification of renal injuries, 98
CT and renal artery embolism, 148
exploration of the injured kidney, 101
hemostasis in partial nephrectomy, 368
indications for surgical exploration in renal trauma, 98
leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein, 43
nephrobronchial fistula, 241
reconstructive principles in renal trauma, 102
renal artery embolism, 147
renal trauma, 98
renal vein and leiomyosarcoma, 43
surgical exploration in renal trauma, 98
thrombolytic therapy in renal artery embolism, 147
treatment of grades I to IV renal injuries, 369
urinary fistula, 241
vascular injury in renal trauma, 101
Wilms tumor in adults, 40
xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis, 241

Kidney calculi

hydronephrosis, 204
lithotripsy, 195
obesity and treatment, 201
renal anatomy, and, 198
shock wave lithotripsy, 195
stone burden and treatment, 197
stone composition and treatment, 197

Kidney cancer: see Renal neoplasms

Kidney transplantation: see Renal transplantation

Lithiasis

and collecting system anatomy, 198
calcium, 217
calcium oxalate, 217
cystinuria, 218
effect of dietary calcium, 69
fracture hardness of calculi, 197
hypercalciuria, 217
hyperuricuria, 217
hypocitraturia, 217
in caliceal diverticula, 199
kidney, 195
laparoscopic management of UPJ obstruction, 462
lithotripsy, 195
low urinary volume, 218
medical management of cystinuria, 70
metabolic disease
metabolic investigation, 217
pediatric staghorn calculi, 168
renal tubular acidosis, 218
risk factors, 217
shock wave lithotripsy, 195
stone location and treatment, 195
stone recurrence predictive score, 461
urinary tract infection, 218
vitamin C and calcium stone formers, 167

Pelvis

autonomic nervous system, 277
cystocele, 48
lower urinary trauma in females, 467
ovarian vein syndrome, 45
prolapse, 48
vaginal erosion of polypropylene slings, 280
vaginal prolapse and hydronephrosis, 243
vaginal wall prolapse, 48

Penis

chronic penile strangulation, 327
classification of priapism, 391
compression devices, 327
congenital deviation, 332
dorsal vein rupture in penile fracture, 36
etiology of priapism, 391
fracture, 35
glandectomy for penile carcinoma, 437
lymphedema, 327
magnetic resonance imaging in penile fracture, 35
nerves communicating branches, 278
pathophysiology of priapism, 391
penile carcinoma, 437
penile neoplasms, 437
Peyronie’s disease fibroblasts, 274
Pharmacologic therapy for priapism, 391
preservation of corpora cavernosa in carcinoma, 437
priapism, 391
surgery for congenital deviation, 332
therapy of penile fracture, 35
types of lesions in penile fracture, 37

Prostate

color Doppler endorectal sonography, 366
diagnosis and treatment of prostatic abscess, 30
high-grade PIN and ASAP,
prostatic abscess, 30
symptoms and signs of prostatic abscess, 32
transrectal ultrasound, 30

Prostate cancer

ambulatorial orchiectomy, 127
and non-symptomatic men, 24
androgen ablation before surgery, 475
antimicrobial therapy in biopsy, 313
atypical glands in core biopsies, 270
biopsy, 308, 313
bisphosphonates, 228
blood loss in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 489
bone metastasis, 121, 228
brachytherapy for prostate carcinoma, 377
carcinoma extent vs. perineural invasion, 370
case selection of radical perineal prostatectomy, 291
castration, 127
catheterization period in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
ciprofloxacin in prostate biopsy, 313
clodronate for bone metastases, 228
cloramphenicol in prostate biopsy, 313
complications of prostate biopsy, 315
complications of radical perineal prostatectomy, 291
costs of orchiectomy, 127
cutting point of PSA, 121
diagnosis, 24, 300, 306
digital rectal examination, 24, 300, 306
economical impact of orchiectomy, 127
epidemiology, 300, 306
extension, 113
focus of 0.5 mm or less on needle biopsy, 469
gene therapy, 406
genomics, 401
Gleason score, 113, 308, 497
Gleason score for each core biopsy, 470
histological grade and tumor extent, 113
histologic grading, 113, 308
hormone refractory, 228
in Blacks, 304, 309
in Mulattos, 304, 309
in Whites, 304, 309
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 489
mean age, 306
method for tumor extent evaluation, 113, 497
micro-array, 401
molecular aspects, 401
molecular markers, 401
morbidity of surgery, 121
needle biopsy, 24, 308, 313
neoplasm metastasis, 228
neoplasms staging, 121, 497
nerve sparing in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
norfloxacin in prostate biopsy, 313
normal digital rectal examination, 24
orchiectomy for advanced disease, 128
osteoblastic metastases, 230
outcome of radical perineal prostatectomy, 291
pain in, 230
palliative treatment, 228
point-count method for tumor evaluation, 115
prediction of bone metastasis and PSA, 121
prevalence and race, 300, 306
prognosis, 497
prostate basal cells, 269
prostate biopsy: indications and technique, 77
prostate cancer oncogenesis, 403
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 24
prostatic-specific antigen (PSA), 24, 121, 300, 307
PSA levels and bone metastasis, 121
quantification of tumor extension in biopsies, 497
racial differences in androgen receptor, 373
racial influence, 300, 306
radical perineal prostatectomy, 291
radical prostatectomy model of impotence, 80
results of laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489
retropubic radical prostatectomy, 80, 113, 221
robot assisted nerve graft, 473
rupture of vesicourethral anatomosis after surgery, 221
scintigraphic metastases and PSA, 121
screening for, 24, 300, 306
serum markers, 405
sextant biopsy, 24
skeleton metastasis prediction, 121
size of tumor in pathological specimen, 113, 497
substratification of stage T1c, 75
surgical castration for advanced disease, 127
surgical complications, 121
susceptibility genes for prostate cancer, 404
tissue markers, 406
transrectal ultrasound, 24
tumor extent and extraprostatic extension, 113
tumor extent and preoperative PSA, 113
tumor extent and surgical margins, 113
twelve core biopsy, 24
ultrasound guided biopsy, 24, 497
vesicourethral anatomosis in laparoscopic prostatectomy, 489

Renal neoplasms

angiomyolipomas
cell types in T1 disease, 108
classification of angiomyolipomas, 209
complex cystic renal masses, 175
dendritic cell vaccines in, 517
diagnosis imaging of angiomyolipomas, 208
disease recurrence in T1 stage, 108
exerese of multiple metastases, 238
hemorrhage in angiomyolipomas, 208
hepatic metastasis, 518
high-grade in T1 stage, 107
high resolution CT in renal cell carcinoma, 272
leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein, 43
lung metastases, 239
lymph nodes involvement in T1 stage, 107
metachronous metastases, 238
metastasis in RCC, 517
microscopic vascular invasion, in T1 stage, 107
pancreatic metastasis, 239
prognostic factors according to volume, 107
prognostic features and subtypes of RCC, 370
pT1 substaging in RCC, 173
radical nephrectomy and metastases, 238
radio frequency interstitial ablation in, 73, 273
radiological classification of angiomyolipomas, 208
sarcomatous degeneration in stage T1, 107
subdivision of T1 stage, 106
survival according to volume, 106
survival in T1 disease, 108
TNM classification, 106
tumor characteristics in T1 stage, 107
Wilms’ tumor in adults, 40

Renal transplantation

complications in liver donor nephrectomy, 14
DTPA in acute renal graft complications, 507
evolution of recipients in liver donor nephrectomy, 14
graft rejection, 507
hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in, 11
laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, 11

Retroperitoneum

leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein, 43
ovarian vein syndrome, 45

Seminal vesicle

cystoadenoma, 434
neoplasms, 434

Surgical technique

anterior vaginal wall sling, 48, 540
bulbar urethroplasty, 155
cadaveric fascia lata in grade IV cystocele, 48
complications of urethroplasty, 155
cystectomy with preservation of sexual function, 336
dorsal approach in bulbar urethroplasty, 155
glandectomy for penile carcinoma, 437
in penile fracture, 35
male perineal autologous sling, 524
model for training percutaneous surgery, 151
neurogenic bladder and bowel, 53
orchiopexy by laparoscopy, 348
ovarian vein syndrome, 45
plication for congenital penile deviation, 332
radical perineal prostatectomy, 291
SAFYRETM readjustable sling, 353
selective retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 412
urethroplasty, 155
urinary continence and cystectomy, 336

Testis and Scrotum

advanced prostate cancer and orchiectomy, 127
cryptorchidism, 345
diagnosis of nonpalpable testis, 345
economical impact of orchiectomy for prostate cancer, 127
germ cell tumor, 412
laparoscopy in cryptorchidism, 345
lung carcinoma with germinative cell features, 431
neoplasms, 330
neoplasm metastasis, 412
nonpalpable testis, 345
orchiectomy for prostate cancer, 127
sclerotherapy for hydrocele, 267
selective retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 412
seminoma, 330, 412
synchronous bilateral seminoma, 330
testicular chondrosarcoma, 330, 522
testicular neoplasms, 330, 522
unilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 412

Ureter

complications of ureteroscopy, 18
retrograde ureteroscopy, 18
ureteral avulsion, 18
ureteral injury, 468
ureteral stricture, 18
ureterocele, 248
ureteroscopy, 18
vesicoureteric reflux, 535

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

antegrade endopyelotomy, 7
Culp-De Weerd Spiral Flap, 4
dismembered pyeloplasty, 4
endoscopic management, 7
Foley Y-V plasty, 5
laparoscopic management, 463
laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 9
prenatally diagnosis of UPJ obstruction in children, 528
pyeloplasty in children, 528
retrograde endopyelotomy, 9
Scardino-Prince vertical flap, 6
surgical treatment, 3
ultrasound in children UPJ obstruction, 528
UPJ obstruction in children, 528
ureterocalycostomy, 6

Urethra

anterior vaginal wall prolapse, 48
autonomic nervous system, 162
bethanecol and autonomic system modulation, 162
bulbar urethroplasty, 155
Chagas’ disease and autonomic system, 162
complications of urethroplasty, 158
dorsal approach for bulbar urethroplasty, 155
experimental urethral obstruction, 62
experimental urethral stent, 79
graft in bulbar urethroplasty, 156
in penile fracture, 35
modulation of alpha-sympathetic, 162
MRI imaging in female SUI, 174
NO synthase in sheep urethral sphincter, 178
parasympathetic modulation and bethanecol, 162
parasympathetic nervous system, 162
sympathetic nervous system, 162
tubularized incised tape repair, 89
urethral metastasis, 431
urethral repair with an off-the-shelf collagen matrix, 82
urethroplasty for bulbar strictures, 155
urethroplasty with porcine acellular matrix, 81

Voiding dysfunction:

see also incontinence and neurogenic bowel, 60
artificial urinary sphincter, 56
bladder augmentation, 55
bladder instability in rabbits, 62
experimental model of bladder instability, 62
grade IV cystocele, 48
intrinsic sphincteric insufficiency, 540
male perineal sling, 524
neurogenic bladder, 53
prostheses and implants, 353, 540
reconstructive surgical procedures, 353
sling for incontinence, 353, 540
sling for male incontinence, 524
stress urinary incontinence and, 540
urinary incontinence, 353
urinary sphincter in, 524
urination disorders in children, 53
urodynamics for overactive bladder, 478