Benign prostatic hyperplasia

age and prostatic volume, 596
atypia, 503
extra cellular matrix, 630
extract of Serenoa repens in, 32
glycosaminoglycan composition in, 630
pharmacotherapy, 32
medical therapy, 32
needle biopsy, 503
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 503
prostatic specific antigen, 596
stromal modifications, 630
treatment, 32

Bladder

biochemical composition, 97
bladder herniation, 614
development, 97
evaluation of trauma, 408
fetal bladder wall, 97
glycosaminoglycans in, 97
injuries management, 408
management of trauma, 408
rupture, 408
trauma, 408

Bladder carcinoma

BCG, 242, 488
BCG mechanism of action in, 488
beta-HCG and, 51
chemotherapy, 234, 242
choriocarcinoma, 51
genes, 378
genetic polymorphisms, 250
immunotherapy, 242, 488
invasive, 234
malignancy susceptibility, 250
metastasis to endometrium, 293
mycobacterium bovis, 488
prognosis, 378
organ preservation in, 234
orthotopic ileal neobladder, 288
p53 protein and, 378
radiotherapy, 234
risk factors, 250
superficial, 242, 488
thiotepa, 242
tobacco smoke and, 250
transitional cell, 51, 242, 378
transitional cell metastasis, 293
trophoblastic differentiation, 51
urinary reservoirs, 288

Erectile dysfunction

association of phentolamine and sildenafil in, 399
color Doppler evaluation, 390
intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 176, 390
kidney failure and, 390
long-term follow-up, 176
phentolamine, 399
prostaglandin E1
sildenafil, 399
treatment, 176, 390, 399

Hypospadias

anatomy, 621
embryology, 621
etiology, 621
indications for treatment, 304
penoscrotal, 304
reconstruction, 621
surgical techniques, 304, 621

Impotence: see Erectile dysfunction

Incontinence

alarm device, 418
anatomy, 199
artificial sphincter, 415
biofeedback, 418
bovine pericardium as sling, 208
bulking agents, 199
diagnosis, 420
enuresis, 418
neurogenic bladder, 415
pubovaginal sling, 208
stress incontinence, 199, 420
submucosal injection for treatment, 199
ultrasonography, 199
urethra, 199, 415
urodynamics, 420
valsalva leak point pressure, 420

Infertility

anomalies and, 530
azoospermia, 301
epididymis anomalies and, 530
intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 146, 301
non-obstructive azoospermia, 301
polypeptide and, 43
sperm extraction, 301
sperm motility, 43
sperm stimulation, 43
spermatozoa and spermatids retrieval, 301
surgery for, 146
testicular anomalies and, 530
vasectomy reversal, 146
indications, 146
technique, 146
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and, 43

Kidney

renal and splenic infarction, 526
arrhythmia and renal infarction, 526

Kidney calculi

complex stones and surgery, 18
holmium:YAG laser, 156
horseshoe and, 24
percutaneous surgery, 18
residual stones, 18, 156
sandwich therapy for, 18
shockwave lithotripsy, 18, 156
and horseshoe kidney, 24
monotherapy, 24
treatment of horseshoe, 24
ureteroscopy, 156

Kidney cancer: see Renal cell carcinoma

Kidney neoplasms

leiomyosarcoma, 523

Kidney transplantation: see Renal transplantation

Lithiasis

ambulatory treatment, 571
biochemical analysis in, 452
calcium and, 479
calcium stone formers, 479
evaluation of residual stones, 579
helical CT in, 579
holmium:YAG laser, 584, 591
incidence, 452
intracorporeal lithotripsy, 584, 591
metabolic disease, 452, 479
metabolism and, 479
percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, 579
percutaneous procedures, 463, 579
prevention, 452
residual fragments, 571, 579
risk factors, 452, 474
shock wave lithotripsy, 463, 671
staghorn calculi, 463, 571
surgery
ureteral, 360
urinary obstruction, 360

Penis

carcinoma, 38
fracture, 295
hypercholesterolemia and, 535
intercourse and injury, 295
microsurgery, 385
penile inversion in trauma, 619
penile reimplantation, 385
prognosis in carcinoma of, 38
proliferating cellular nuclear antigen in carcinoma of, 38
rabbits, 535
reconstruction, 385
squamous cell carcinoma, 38
trauma, 385, 619
traumatic amputation, 385
tunica albuginea in rabbit, 535
urethral injury, 295

Prostate

infection, 122
inflammation, 122
pelvic pain, 122
prostatitis, 122
classification, 122
diagnosis and management, 122
prostatodynia, 122

Prostate cancer

atypia, 503
atypical small glands and, 503
advanced, management, 132, 256, 276
chemotherapy, 132, 256
diagnosis, 171
DNA heterogeneity and, 29
DNA ploidy and, 29
European randomized study for, 510
free to total PSA ratio, 171
gene therapy, 256
Gleason score, 609
hormonal therapy, 132, 256, 276
hormone refractory, 256
immunohistochemistry for p53, 270
intermittent hormonal therapy, 276
metastatic, 132, 256, 276
needle biopsy, 503, 510, 516, 602, 609
p53 protein, 270
prognosis, 29, 270
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 503
prostatic specific antigen, 171, 510, 516, 602
radiotherapy, 256
repeated biopsy, 602
screening for, 510, 516
surgical specimen compared with biopsy, 609
suspicious and repeated biopsies, 602
vaccines, 256

Radical prostatectomy

and inguinal hernia repair, 185
complications, 283
perineal, 298
retractor in perineal, 298
urethral stricture, 283
vesicourethral strictures after, 283

Renal cell carcinoma

bone metastasis, 182
cryoablation in, 558
follow-up after nephron-sparing treatment, 342
laparoscopy and, 558
lymphatic anatomy and, 354
lymphatic drainage, 354
lymphatics and, 354
metastasis, 354
nephron-sparing surgery, 342, 558
nephron-sparing and cryoablation, 558
partial nephrectomy indications in, 342
percutaneous treatment of, 558
surgery, 182

Renal transplantation

allograft nephrectomy, 163
complications, 163

Testis

anomalies, 530
anomalies and cryptorchidism, 530
anomalies of testis, epididymis and vas deferens, 530
pampiniform plexus, 406
spermatic cord, 406
spermatic vein thrombosis, 406
trauma, 528
traumatic dislocation, 528

Ureter

abnormalities, 403
diverticulum, 403
lithiasis, 360
ureteral calculi, 360
ureteral obstruction, 360
reimplantation, 372
retrocaval ureter in children, 196
vesico-ureteral reflux, 372

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

cutting balloon technique for treatment, 71
editorial comments on, 82, 83, 84
endopyelotomy, 54, 64, 71
hydronephrosis, 190
indications for treatment, 54
laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 76
percutaneous surgery, 64
prognosis, 54
pyeloplasty, 76, 190
neurilemoma and, 48
retrocaval ureter, 196
retroperitonial tumors and, 48
schwanoma, 48
surgical technique, 64, 71, 76
surgical treatment, 54
ultrasonography, 190

Urethra

adult urethral valve, 617
extracellular matrix, 426
glycosaminoglycans, 426
male, 426
posterior valve, 617
proteoglycans, 426

Urinary diversion

experimental, 91
ileal bladder augmentation in rats, 91
ileocystoplasty in rats, 91
intestinal villous and, 91
rat, 91

Voiding dysfunction, see also incontinence

children and, 86
enuresis, 86, 418
incontinence and, 415
multiple sclerosis and, 315
neurogenic bladder, 415
oxybutynin and, 86
prostheses and, 415
unstable bladder in children, 86
urethra and, 415
urinary sphincter and, 415
urodynamics, 315